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Courtesy of umich.edu
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A study conducted in 1721 involved six in-mates from Lon-don's Newgate
Pri-
son. The inmates were inoculated by implanting small-pox
matter from infected patients on both arms and legs of inmates.
This proved to support the theory of inoculation.
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Courtesy of jennermuseum.org
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In 1798, Edward Jenner conducted a series of experi-ments involving in-oculation of
people with cowpox as a protection against smallpox. It was these early
experi-
ments that led to the discovery of a vaccination for smallpox.
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Courtesy of Wikipedia
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Lady Mary Wortley Montagu was a pioneer in inoculation against small-pox.
During a trip to Turkey, Lady Montagu witnessed a method of poking smallpox sores into
open scratches of healthy children. She campaigned to have this procedure
instituted in England. Thus the 1721 Newgate prison study.
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The University Group Diab-etes Program (UGDP) was one of the first multicenter
trials to focus on the treatment of a chronic non-infectious disease. The
UGDP began in 1960 and was completed in 1974.
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Edinburgh University Press
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In 1747, while at sea, James Lind cond-
ucted one of the first experiments using a control group. The experiment
involved seamen aboard the SS Salisbury (pict-ured left) affected by
scurvy. It was this experiment that first introduced the idea of using a
simultaneously treated control group.
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Donald Fredrickson (1924-2002) was director of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH). A moving force in the development of clinical trials as the
"indispensable ordeal.
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Courtesy of jameslindlibrary.org
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Sir Austin Bradford Hill (1897-1991) was an English epidemiologist and
statistician. Widely regarded as the father of modern day clinical trials.
"It may well be uneithical...not to institute a proper trial."
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Last Updated:
26 Jan 2021
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